Shinobi’s Strawman is a weekly sequence the place our Technical Editor Shinobi challenges the Bitcoin group, aiming to fire up dialog round heated technical debates.
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Right here is an element two of the experiment. Final week I printed a brief immediate difficult readers to reply with their very own protection or criticism of drivechains. The aim of this was to instigate challenges to my very own criticisms, questions, and even new criticisms I’ve not considered or thought-about. Written type content material is mostly extra thorough and simpler to digest than real-time communication, as each events have time to sit down and suppose earlier than formulating a response versus needing to take action instantly. I believe this might help to vary the tone of conversations round contentious matters by making an attempt to facilitate them on this format.
In order that mentioned, time to undergo the responses to final week’s immediate.
Paul Sztorc
Paul Sztorc responded in lengthy type on Twitter, the whole lot of which might be discovered right here. For formatting readability in quote snippets, daring textual content is denoting which of my statements Paul is responding to.
> 1) Drivechains introduce a hodgepodge of recent variables into miners’ incentives … Drivechain is corresponding to RIOT’s use of “energy curtailment credit”. https://ift.tt/eCGDP7h It’s only a new means for miners to generate profits. Once I’m requested: “does drivechain have an effect on miner incentives?” I say “no”. I personally lived via the invention of: FPGAs/ASICs, heat-reuse, stranded natgas flaring, curtailment credit, and an entire lot else. Merged mining was invented by Satoshi in 2010, and is already in steady use — https://truthcoin.data/weblog/security-budget-ii-mm/#c-its-too-late–mm-is-already-widespread . Identical with the withdrawals — miners do loads of good issues, equivalent to MASF activate delicate forks or maintain peoples mistaken charge cash ( https://x.com/satofishi/standing/1701042302238724512?s=20 ), or rent Bitcoiners to shill Bitcoin. So, to somebody like me, getting revenues from merged mining, or overseeing 4 fully-automated withdrawals per sidechain per yr, would not even register as a change. It is simply enterprise as regular.
Paul claims that energy curtailment agreements are equal to the centralizing pressures of drivechains. This can be a damaged comparability for a number of causes, first of which is the wild distinction by way of scale. One thing like working infrastructure for drivechains, or the proportional benefit of pool dimension in doing so, runs on economies of scale. The bigger an operation partaking in such a habits is the extra of a world benefit it offers them. Energy curtailment alternatively would not, it has diseconomies of scale. One mining operation partaking in energy curtailment on Texas’s grid has no affect in any respect on miners related to a different grid having the ability to have interaction in comparable agreements. Mix this with mining actively getting used to develop renewable power manufacturing, which creates the necessity for these curtailment agreements, and all the dynamic over time is assured to decentralize and turn into increasingly more open to different miners. Additionally, the declare that miners being put in absolute management of custodying different individuals’s funds and determine which withdrawals to course of (someway with out figuring out the present balances of professional customers) is not any change of their function is simply patently false.
> 2) Present Sidechains Have No Adoption Wait!? I assumed sidechains have been going to vary miner incentives?? Not if they’ve “no adoption”.
Anyway… RSK/Liquid are federated, and the federated mannequin is horrible. “federation vs PoW”, is actually the one distinction between Bitcoin (a hit) and its failed predecessors. We will equally anticipate BIP300 to outcompete Federated. Moreover, they don’t seem to be even in the identical league. Liquid doesn’t present us an internet site (for instance) the place we will paste in (for instance) the zCash Altcoin supply code, and get out of {that a} zCash federated sidechain. As a substitute we’re caught with only one piece of closed supply junk that we can not modify. That misses all the level of sidechains. Evaluating RSK/Liquid to Bip300 is evaluating two handwritten books to the printing press. Liquid was fully closed supply till very lately; nobody is aware of who the federation members are (regardless of the mannequin relying solely on their repute); all the Liquid txn charges go solely to the company that created it. For some time (and nonetheless to at the present time, for my part), Blockstream engineers may abscond with the funds if they really put 5 man-hours into it (see https://x.com/_prestwich/standing/1277089486111817728?s=20 ). RSK aspires to be a drivechain — so I’ve their vote, at the least. They agree with me that they need to be a drivechain, not federated. Lastly, the truth that we’ve got didn’t construct issues that the end-user enjoys? That ought to solely spur us onward, to invent new issues. Not surrender quicker.
I do not know what to say right here…primarily each declare right here is fake. Liquid/Components the platform has at all times been solely open supply and attainable to switch, solely the code the federation members run to signal blocks and withdrawals was closed, however that’s now open supply. Paul pretending and making an attempt to suggest all the undertaking was closed supply isn’t true. As nicely, the declare that “5 man hours” may steal all the funds is solely false. The incident that he’s referring to was a bug (that has been patched) within the federation member code. All Liquid cash have a timelocked restoration path utilizing a 2-of-3 keyset within the occasion of catastrophic key loss by federation members that will end in all funds being misplaced. To ensure that these keys for use, the Federation should fail and stop transferring these UTXOs. That’s not “5 man hours” of labor as Paul claims, it’s attacking a globally distributed set of HSMs which are extremely strong to distant assaults and nearly actually require bodily entry to compromise.
> 3) Drivechains Exacerbate The Dangers Of MEV > MEV is one thing that’s attainable on Bitcoin already … however … Drivechains open the door to arbitrarily advanced types of MEV on sidechains, MEV = “miner facet hustle”. In different phrases, if I supply Foundry $20 to shine my footwear, then that’s MEV. If Slush Pool sells t-shirts on the facet, then that’s MEV ( spoiler alert they already do: https://ift.tt/xzf4EFy ). Miner’s fundamental hustle is ordering transactions and blocks — the rest they do, is a facet hustle. Clearly we do not need the 2 hustles to battle! I addressed such “cross chain MEV” way back, in 2016, lengthy earlier than anybody had ever heard of shinobi (or MEV) ( https://youtube.com/watch?v=2OOKgTSrITs&record=PLw8-6ARlyVciMH79ZyLOpImsMug3LgNc4&index=2 ). I designed Drivechain to have one thing referred to as “categorical management”, to *defeat* cross chain MEV …not like for instance Blockstream’s simplicity which I imagine may exacerbate it (see Half 5 / code obfuscation ; or see https://ift.tt/dz34ihC https://ift.tt/n5KB9Rf https://ift.tt/PkVOCrG for extra). Honestly although: MEV is a distraction. May a sensible contract pay miners to reorg, or censor txns?? Sure. However a human, may additionally bribe a miner to do these issues. In the end it comes all the way down to: $ from txn charges, vs $ the attacker pays. Greatest means to assist miners is to verify they’re wealthy — amassing a number of $ from the “fundamental hustle”. Ie a number of merged mining.
I do not know what else to say besides that Paul continues to make absurd and excessive arguments right here. Promoting t-shirts requires new tools, new providers, new investments, whereas reusing your mining {hardware} would not. A miner choosing up a penny on the bottom doesn’t have any related affect to miner earnings or incentives, whereas somebody providing miners $10,000 per week to reuse their hashrate for a brand new goal does. Evaluating the 2 is absurd.
These are in reference to my reply https://twitter.com/Truthcoin/standing/1699093434026406322 to his earlier article. I stand by all the things in that reply! > …these simply shove the liquidity necessities onto yet one more occasion, assuming they may present huge quantities of liquidity for nearly nothing in return Each halves of this are improper. First, on the L1 facet of the commerce, nothing is locked up — EVERY coin on L1, is already “offering liquidity” (on this context). Second, they actually do not get nothing! They cost a charge. The mannequin could be: “shopping for 1 sidechain coin, for 0.99 L1 cash” (for instance). > don’t suppose it is a foregone conclusion that sufficient liquidity to cowl the “answer to the safety finances downside”
I believe Paul right here is oversimplifying what’s going on, and ignoring the dynamics of arbitrage, which is what is going on right here. Sure, in a really perfect state of affairs, all mainchain cash can be found to swap for sidechains, however in actuality that isn’t the case. That assumes everybody thinks drivechains are equivalently safe to the mainchain. In actuality, there’s a safety and threat distinction, and other people partaking on this arbitrage are bearing that threat on behalf of individuals they swap with. Most Bitcoiners usually are not taking their bitcoin and arbitrage buying and selling for yield with it, they simply maintain it. That will not magically change due to drivechains, and in the end the individuals doing this arbitrage have to get the cash they’ve swapped into drivechains again out to the mainchain to shut the arbitrage loop. This merely shifts that bottleneck straight from sidechain block constructors to arbitrage merchants. Additionally on the finish of the day, this provides one other lower another person is taking from the charge sharing, and is a margin that miners can seize by working a sidechain node themselves.
idBrain
Anon idBrain on X (Twitter) posted the query what would I do if drivechains have been activated. Nicely, in most conditions nothing. A URSF (Person Resisted Gentle Fork) making an attempt to go up in opposition to all the ecosystem could be principally futile, i.e. if most customers, companies, and miners all supported activating the proposal. If solely miners activated it, with no customers or companies value mentioning imposing it, it may be value it to constantly suggest withdrawal transactions, looting the sidechain and paying all of it out to miners. If 51%+ of miners defected from imposing the foundations all drivechains could possibly be looted with no time delay in a single block. If it did efficiently activate with broad assist although, I’d in all probability stop taking a look at Bitcoin as one thing that might realistically stand as much as state and alter the dynamics of cash and state. It will be merely a fiat denominated funding to me at that time on the street to state seize.
Mister Ticot
Mister Ticot despatched in an e-mail a query:
You talked about sidechains arn’t getting used and are solely federated. What about Stacks? Does not it qualify as a permissionless side-chain with some stage of success?
I’d not qualify or describe Stacks as a sidechain in any respect. I’d name it a para-chain, or a parasite chain. Stacks is an impartial community with a local base token totally different from Bitcoin, and as such I don’t qualify it as a sidechain. It interacts with Bitcoin in an analogous means, and by that advantage can affect Bitcoin miner incentives, however it’s not constructed on a basis of BTC because the core native asset, which I believe is the primary requirement for a secondary blockchain to be thought-about a sidechain.
Micah Warren
Micah Warren wrote in an e-mail: Responding to your name to fire up technical dialog.
Responding to your name to fire up technical dialog.
My understanding is that the massive unavoidable havoc-wreaking downside with blind merged mining is that it is trivial to acquire as many blocks as you need just by outbidding different ‘miners’. It rapidly degenerates right into a bluffing/signaling recreation. It additionally create conditions the place you possibly can create huge MEV alternatives by committing to longer reorgs, along with quick time period performs like fee-sniping. In proof of labor, if somebody tries to carry out an extended reorg, the trustworthy miners (supplied there’s 51%,) can simply default to the identical factor they at all times do. Nevertheless in BMM, when you decide to profitable the public sale to hold out your shenanigan, there is no such thing as a default mode that trustworthy miners can retreat too. All unhealthy stuff. For my part, this makes BMM not likely a severe consensus mechanism.
HOWEVER, it in all probability might be fixed- you simply must barely suppose exterior of the PoW field.
Here is the factor, as a result of the map from SC blocks to L1 blocks is injective, we receive a linear, sequential, complete ordering of all candidate sidechain blocks. So actually, we’re 99% of the best way there so far as consensus goes – we have narrowed it down from trillions of attainable blocks to a small discrete handful of candidate blocks and these blocks include a transparent complete ordering. The one factor improper with taking the primary block at peak N to be the canonical one is that such a block at peak N won’t be legitimate. So all you want is a straightforward mechanism to find out, inside a brief time frame, whether or not the block at peak N is right or whether or not it must be discarded. Clearly invalid blocks will finally be discarded, the one query is tips on how to implement a time restrict so that somebody cannot maliciously withhold a block for a very long time so as to jam up consensus.
This does not look like a tough downside. One answer: You could possibly merely declare a jury of community-trusted sidechain nodes, say 5 of 9, who would wait 20 seconds after the block is mined, and if they’ll validate the underlying block, they are saying it is good, it is now within the canon. If they cannot see the block or cannot validate it, they declare it invalid.
Now the 20 seconds is bigoted, the jurors are simply calling balls and strikes, there would not should be an accurate reply – the one factor is that 21 seconds after the final L1 block has been mined, sidechain miners now know for positive whether or not to mine a brand new block or on high of the outdated one.
Downside solved. The one downside (laser-eyed maxis may need to ear muff for this), it’s important to depend on one thing aside from proof of labor to resolve uncommon consensus disputes. In fact, such disputes would nearly by no means occur, as a result of the one purpose they might occur is that if an adversary was making an attempt to create a schism level, and by breaking the tie immediately, you’re obviating the schism level.
In fact what occurs on a sidechain is the sidechain’s enterprise – but when I may argue that one of the best design of a sidechain would at all times contain some reorg safety, then all of the issues about chaotic reorging forcing the L1 miners to enter the sport are now not legitimate.
In response to this remark, I’d say a special potential answer that’s superior could be a Zero Data Proof of correctness for commitments to new sidechain blocks. Nevertheless, I believe fixing this problem undermines one of many core objectives of drivechains structure: to not introduce new causes or incentives for miners to reorg the mainchain to perform a reorg on a sidechain. Micah’s proposal for federating validity testifying to sidechain blocks would create the identical incentive, however moreover in the end backstop all the belief mannequin of the sidechain with a federation. I.e. nothing could be thought-about legitimate with out the attestation of these chosen arbitrators. This defeats the aim of drivechains design, which is to have miners fill the function as the final word backstop within the belief mannequin.
Alright, so that’s it for this week’s Strawman. Subsequent week I’ll attempt to be extra triggering.
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